Pemantauan Hilir Kualitas Air Bersih pada Sekolah sebagai Sarana Tempat Fasilitas Umum

Abstrak

Latar belakang: Ketersediaan air bersih yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan sangat penting dalam mendukung kesehatan lingkungan sekolah. Namun, beberapa sekolah di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Astanagarib Kota Cirebon masih menggunakan sumur gali dengan kondisi sanitasi yang berisiko terhadap pencemaran mikrobiologis, terutama karena jarak sumur dengan jamban kurang dari 10 meter. Tujuan: Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan mengetahui kualitas air bersih pada bagian hilir di sarana tempat fasilitas umum (sekolah) untuk memastikan keamanan air sesuai standar kesehatan. Metode: Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada enam sekolah binaan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Astanagarib Kota Cirebon pada Oktober–November 2025. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan meliputi observasi, wawancara, pengukuran, dokumentasi, pengambilan sampel air, serta pemeriksaan kualitas air secara fisik, kimia, dan mikrobiologi. Hasil: Seluruh sekolah menggunakan sumur gali sebagai sumber air bersih utama. Sebanyak 83,3% sumur tidak memenuhi syarat jarak aman dari jamban (<10 meter). Pemeriksaan fisik dan kimia menunjukkan sebagian besar parameter masih memenuhi standar kualitas air bersih. Namun, seluruh sampel air (100%) positif mengandung Escherichia coli. Kadar tertinggi ditemukan pada RA Aminah sebesar 101 koloni/100 mL dan PAUD Wijaya Kusuma 1 sebesar 70 koloni/100 mL. Kesimpulan: Kualitas air bersih di sebagian besar sekolah belum aman secara mikrobiologi akibat jarak sumur dengan jamban yang tidak memenuhi syarat, kondisi konstruksi sumur, dan sanitasi lingkungan yang kurang memadai. Disarankan dilakukan perbaikan konstruksi sumur, desinfeksi berkala, dan pemantauan kualitas air secara rutin oleh pihak sekolah dan Puskesmas.

Kata kunci: Escherichia coli, kualitas air bersih, sanitasi lingkungan, sekolah, sumur gali

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Abstract

Background: Access to clean water that meets health standards is essential for maintaining a healthy school environment. However, several schools within the service area of the Astanagarib Community Health Center, Cirebon City, rely on dug wells with inadequate sanitary conditions, increasing the risk of microbiological contamination, particularly because the distance between the wells and nearby latrines is less than the recommended 10 meters. Objective: This community service program aimed to assess the quality of clean water used in schools within the Astanagarib Community Health Center service area to ensure compliance with national health standards. Method: The program was conducted from October to November 2025 at six partner schools within the Astanagarib Community Health Center service area in Cirebon City. Data were collected through direct observation, interviews, environmental measurements, documentation, water sampling, and laboratory analyses of the physical, chemical, and microbiological quality of water. Result: All participating schools relied on dug wells as their primary source of clean water. A total of 83.3% of the wells did not meet the minimum recommended distance from latrines (<10 m). Physical and chemical analyses indicated that most water quality parameters complied with clean water standards. However, all water samples (100%) tested positive for Escherichia coli. The highest bacterial concentrations were detected at RA Aminah (101 CFU/100 mL) and PAUD Wijaya Kusuma 1 (70 CFU/100 mL). Conclusion: The microbiological quality of clean water in most participating schools did not meet health standards, primarily because of the inadequate separation distance between wells and latrines, poor well construction, and suboptimal environmental sanitation. Improvements in well construction, regular well disinfection, and routine water quality monitoring by schools in collaboration with community health centers are recommended to ensure the safety of water used in school settings.

Keywords: clean water quality, dug wells, environmental sanitation, Escherichia coli, schools