Deteksi Keberadaan Jentik Nyamuk melalui Strategi Kunjungan Rumah di Lingkungan Tempat Tinggal Kader Posyandu Srisawahan

Abstrak

Latar belakang: Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Keberhasilan Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk (PSN) di tingkat rumah tangga tidak hanya ditentukan oleh pengetahuan, tetapi juga oleh konsistensi penerapan praktik pencegahan dan pemantauan lingkungan. Kader Posyandu memiliki peran strategis dalam mendukung edukasi dan surveilans berbasis masyarakat. Tujuan: Kegiatan ini bertujuan mendeteksi keberadaan jentik Aedes aegypti di rumah kader Posyandu serta menilai perubahan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader dalam mendukung penerapan PSN berbasis rumah tangga. Metode: Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat melibatkan 17 kader di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pembantu Srisawahan melalui edukasi interaktif, observasi tempat penampungan air (TPA), kunjungan rumah, dan pemeriksaan jentik. Pengetahuan diukur menggunakan pre-test dan post-test yang terdiri atas 10 soal dengan skala 0–100, sedangkan keterampilan identifikasi jentik dinilai menggunakan lembar observasi dengan lima indikator. Kondisi lingkungan dan keberadaan jentik dicatat menggunakan formulir pemeriksaan TPA. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil: Seluruh rumah kader (100%) berada dalam kondisi bersih secara visual, tetapi jentik ditemukan pada 6 dari 17 rumah (35,3%) dan 8 dari 73 TPA (11,0%). Rata-rata skor pengetahuan meningkat dari 59,29 pada pre-test menjadi 81,00 pada post-test, sedangkan proporsi kader dengan skor pengetahuan ≥70 meningkat dari 29,4% menjadi 88,2%. Sebanyak 14 kader (82,4%) mencapai kategori kompeten dalam identifikasi jentik. Kesimpulan: Pemeriksaan langsung menunjukkan bahwa kondisi rumah yang tampak bersih belum sepenuhnya mencerminkan terbebasnya rumah dari potensi perkembangbiakan vektor. Edukasi yang dipadukan dengan praktik lapangan menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader dalam identifikasi jentik. Keberlanjutan PSN berbasis kader perlu diperkuat melalui praktik pemeriksaan jentik secara rutin, supervisi, dan monitoring untuk meningkatkan konsistensi penerapan pencegahan DBD di tingkat rumah tangga.

Kata kunci: demam berdarah dengue, jentik Aedes aegypti, kader posyandu, kunjungan rumah, pemberantasan sarang nyamuk

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Abstract

Background: Dengue remains a persistent public health challenge in Indonesia, where sustained household implementation of mosquito nest eradication is essential for reducing vector breeding opportunities. Posyandu cadres play a strategic role in community-based prevention, yet the cleanliness of household environments does not necessarily indicate the absence of mosquito breeding sites. Objective: This community-based intervention aimed to detect Aedes aegypti larvae in Posyandu cadres’ households and assess changes in cadres’ knowledge and larval-identification skills following practice-based education. Method: The intervention involved 17 Posyandu cadres in the Srisawahan Auxiliary Community Health Center service area and comprised interactive education, water-container inspection, household visits, and direct larval surveillance. Knowledge was assessed using 10-item pre- and post-tests scored on a 0–100 scale, while larval-identification skills were assessed using a five-indicator observation checklist. Household environmental conditions and larval occurrence were documented using a water-container inspection form. Data were analyzed descriptively. Result: Although all cadre households (100%) were visually classified as clean, larvae were detected in 6 of 17 households (35.3%) and in 8 of 73 inspected water containers (11.0%). Mean knowledge scores increased from 59.29 at pre-test to 81.00 at post-test, while the proportion of cadres achieving a knowledge score ≥70 increased from 29.4% to 88.2%. Fourteen cadres (82.4%) achieved the predefined competency criterion for independent larval identification. Conclusion: Direct larval surveillance revealed that visual household cleanliness did not fully reflect the absence of potential Aedes breeding sites. Practice-based education was accompanied by improvements in cadre knowledge and larval-identification skills. Sustaining community-based dengue prevention requires routine household larval surveillance integrated with continued practical training, supervision, and monitoring to translate increased cadre capacity into consistent PSN practices at the household level.

Keywords: Aedes aegypti larvae, community-based prevention, dengue, posyandu cadres, household larval surveillance, mosquito nest eradication