Road Traffic Noise Exposure Near a Hospital and Implications for Environmental Health Protection in Pekanbaru, Indonesia
Kata Kunci:
environmental health, hospital environment, regulatory compliance, road traffic, traffic noise exposureAbstrak
Background: Road traffic noise is a recognized environmental health stressor and may compromise comfort, recovery, and staff performance in noise-sensitive hospital environments. Objective: To quantify road traffic noise exposure near a hospital in Pekanbaru, Indonesia, assess compliance with the national benchmark for hospital areas, and examine its association with traffic density. Method: An observational field study was conducted in the hospital corridor from 7:00 am to 8:00 pm. Environmental noise was measured using a sound level meter and summarized as equivalent metrics, also estimated using the Bina Marga approach and the Ministry of Environment method. Traffic volume and speed were observed and converted to density (k = q/v). Noise levels were compared with the 55 dB(A) benchmark for hospital areas, and multiple linear regression was used to explore associations between traffic indicators and noise. Results: Traffic density ranged from 255.8 to 508.6 pcu/km, with a peak of 508.6 pcu/km. Noise estimates ranged from 40.84 to 45.52 dB(A) (Bina Marga) and 51.7 dB(A) (Ministry method). All values were below 55 dB(A), indicating compliance. The regression model showed a moderate relationship between traffic indicators and noise (R² = 0.37). Discussion: Benchmark compliance does not eliminate potential cumulative impacts on vulnerable patients and staff, particularly during peak traffic. The modest explained variance indicates that non-traffic factors (e.g., vehicle mix, horn use, road surface, and meteorology) likely contribute to exposure. Conclusion: Traffic noise near the studied hospital met the Indonesian standard; however, quiet-zone management and monitoring are recommended to strengthen environmental health protection in hospital areas.
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