Peningkatan Literasi Kualitas Udara melalui Program Smart School Health
Kata Kunci:
kualitas udara, literasi kesehatan, PM₂.₅, sekolah sehat, smart school healthAbstrak
Latar Belakang: Kualitas udara merupakan salah satu determinan penting kesehatan lingkungan sekolah karena remaja merupakan kelompok yang rentan terhadap paparan polusi udara, khususnya particulate matter (PM₂.₅), yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan pernapasan dan menurunkan derajat kesehatan. Rendahnya literasi mengenai kualitas udara serta belum optimalnya perilaku perlindungan diri di lingkungan sekolah menjadi dasar pelaksanaan Program Smart School Health di SMA Muhammadiyah Sawangan, Depok. Tujuan: Kegiatan ini bertujuan meningkatkan literasi kualitas udara siswa melalui edukasi mengenai polusi udara, dampak kesehatan, penggunaan masker, ventilasi ruang kelas, dan penerapan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS). Metode: Kegiatan dilaksanakan menggunakan pendekatan edukasi partisipatif melalui ceramah interaktif, diskusi, tanya jawab, dan simulasi pengambilan keputusan terkait aktivitas luar ruang berdasarkan kondisi kualitas udara. Sasaran kegiatan adalah 55 siswa SMA Muhammadiyah Sawangan, Depok. Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan pre-test dan post-test untuk mengukur perubahan tingkat pengetahuan peserta. Hasil: Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan siswa setelah mengikuti edukasi. Skor pengetahuan meningkat dari 76% pada pre-test menjadi 89% pada post-test. Selain itu, siswa menunjukkan pemahaman yang lebih baik mengenai bahaya PM₂.₅, dampak kualitas udara terhadap kesehatan, penggunaan masker yang tepat, serta pentingnya ventilasi ruang kelas dalam mendukung kesehatan lingkungan sekolah. Kesimpulan: Program Smart School Health efektif meningkatkan literasi kualitas udara siswa dan berpotensi menjadi strategi edukasi kesehatan lingkungan berbasis sekolah untuk meningkatkan kesadaran serta mendorong perilaku perlindungan diri terhadap risiko paparan polusi udara.
Kata kunci: kualitas udara, literasi kesehatan, PM₂.₅, sekolah sehat, smart school health
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Abstract
Background: Air quality is a critical determinant of a healthy school environment because adolescents are particularly vulnerable to exposure to air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅), which is associated with adverse respiratory outcomes and reduced overall health. Limited air quality literacy and inadequate self-protective behaviors among students highlight the need for school-based educational interventions. In response, the Smart School Health Program was implemented at Muhammadiyah Senior High School Sawangan, Depok, Indonesia. Objective: This community-based educational program aimed to improve students' air quality literacy through interactive education on air pollution, its health impacts, appropriate mask use, classroom ventilation, and the implementation of clean and healthy living behaviors. Method: The program employed a participatory educational approach consisting of interactive lectures, group discussions, question-and-answer sessions, and simulation-based decision-making exercises related to outdoor activities under different air quality conditions. A total of 55 students participated in the program. Participants' knowledge was evaluated using structured pre-test and post-test questionnaires to assess changes in air quality literacy following the educational intervention. Result: The educational intervention resulted in a marked improvement in students' air quality literacy. The mean knowledge score increased from 76% in the pre-test to 89% in the post-test, representing a 13-percentage-point (17.1%) improvement. In addition, students demonstrated a better understanding of the health risks associated with PM₂.₅ exposure, the adverse health effects of poor air quality, appropriate mask use, and the importance of adequate classroom ventilation. Conclusion: The Smart School Health Program effectively improved students' air quality literacy and has the potential to serve as an effective school-based environmental health education strategy for promoting awareness and encouraging self-protective behaviors against the health risks associated with air pollution.
Keywords: air quality, health literacy, healthy schools, PM₂.₅, smart school health
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Referensi
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