Literature Review: Development of Science Capital-Based Student Worksheets to Enhance Critical Thinking Skills of Elementary School Students

Abstract

Critical thinking skills of elementary school students remain relatively low, particularly in the evaluation indicator. One contributing factor is the lack of innovation in the development of Student Worksheets (LKPD). This article aims to systematically review the development of science capital-based worksheets as an alternative approach to enhance critical thinking skills in elementary schools. The method used is a literature review, with literature searches conducted across academic databases such as Google Scholar, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, Garuda, as well as policy documents from the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemendikbudristek). The findings indicate that various LKPD development approaches (STEM, PBL, SETS, Discovery Learning, Multiple Intelligences) have proven effective in improving critical thinking skills, with high levels of validity and practicality. However, no study has explicitly integrated science capital into LKPD. The science capital approach offers integrative advantages by valuing students' experiences, knowledge, attitudes, and social networks as a starting point for learning, while simultaneously building scientific identity and addressing participation gaps. The Kurikulum Merdeka (Merdeka Curriculum) policy provides a conducive foundation for implementing this approach. In conclusion, the development of science capital-based LKPD represents an urgent theoretical leap to address the challenges of low critical thinking skills and the need for learner-centered education. Further empirical research is needed to test the effectiveness of science capital-based LKPD.