Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Kesehatan Indera melalui Edukasi Berbasis Komunitas: Efektivitas Media Leaflet pada Populasi Dewasa di Semarang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26714/uwc.v8.204-210.2025Kata Kunci:
Edukasi kesehatan, pendengaran, usia produktif, pengetahuan, penglihatanAbstrak
Latar Belakang: Gangguan penglihatan dan pendengaran merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang berdampak pada komunikasi, produktivitas, dan kualitas hidup. Rendahnya pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai pencegahan dan deteksi dini memperburuk keadaan, terutama pada kelompok usia produktif yang sebenarnya memiliki potensi besar untuk menerima dan mengaplikasikan informasi kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan intervensi edukasi untuk meningkatkan literasi kesehatan indera. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pre-eksperimental dengan rancangan one group pre-test and post-test dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada 21 responden usia ≥15 tahun di RT 03 RW 11 Kelurahan Bulu Lor, Semarang. Sampel diperoleh dengan teknik simple random sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner pengetahuan mengenai kesehatan penglihatan dan pendengaran. Intervensi edukasi dilakukan dengan media leaflet, kemudian nilai pretest dan posttest dibandingkan menggunakan uji T-dependent. Hasil: Mayoritas responden berada pada kelompok usia produktif (95,2%). Rata-rata nilai pengetahuan sebelum intervensi adalah 69,29 dan meningkat menjadi 84,62 setelah edukasi berbasis leaflet, dengan perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05). Sebagian besar responden berada pada kategori pengetahuan baik setelah intervensi. Kesimpulan: Edukasi berbasis leaflet efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai kesehatan indera, terutama pada kelompok usia produktif.
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Abstract
Background: Visual and hearing impairments are public health problems that affect communication, productivity, and quality of life. Low public knowledge regarding prevention and early detection exacerbates the situation, particularly among the productive age group, which actually has great potential to receive and apply health information. Therefore, educational interventions are needed to improve sensory health literacy. Methods: This study employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test and post-test approach and a cross-sectional method. The study was conducted on 21 respondents aged ≥15 years in RT 03 RW 11, Bulu Lor Subdistrict, Semarang. Samples were obtained using simple random sampling. The research instrument was a knowledge questionnaire on visual and hearing health. The educational intervention was delivered through a leaflet, and pretest and posttest scores were compared using a dependent t-test. Results: The majority of respondents were in the productive age group (95.2%). The mean knowledge score before the intervention was 69.29, which increased to 84.62 after leaflet-based education, with a significant difference (p<0.05). Most respondents fell into the good knowledge category after the intervention. Conclusion: Leaflet-based education is effective in improving community knowledge regarding sensory health, particularly among the productive age group.
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