Faktor Risiko Kejadian Tuberculosis Paru di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pegang Baru Kabupaten Pasaman Tahun 2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26714/uwc.v8.278-290.2025Kata Kunci:
tuberkulosis paru, pengetahuan, kepadatan hunian, perilaku merokok, riwayat kontakAbstrak
Tuberkulosis (TB) tetap menjadi tantangan kesehatan masyarakat global; Indonesia menempati peringkat kedua beban TB setelah India. Jumlah kasus di Indonesia terus meningkat setiap tahun, termasuk di Kabupaten Pasaman, dengan Puskesmas Pegang Baru mencatat kasus terbanyak pada 2023. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian TB paru di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pegang Baru, Kecamatan Padang Gelugur, Kabupaten Pasaman, Tahun 2025. Penelitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan desain potong lintang. Dari populasi 368 orang, diperoleh 86 responden melalui teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara berbasis kuesioner dan observasi lapangan. Analisis dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan uji chi-square, serta perhitungan odds ratio (OR) untuk menilai besar risiko tiap variabel. Hasil menunjukkan pengetahuan (p=0,012; OR=3,21), kepadatan hunian (p=0,018; OR=2,95), perilaku merokok (p=0,004; OR=4,12), dan riwayat kontak (p=0,001; OR=5,46) berasosiasi signifikan dengan kejadian TB paru. Faktor paling dominan adalah riwayat kontak erat dengan penderita TB. Disimpulkan bahwa rendahnya pengetahuan, hunian padat, kebiasaan merokok, dan adanya riwayat kontak erat meningkatkan risiko TB paru. Diperlukan penguatan edukasi, perbaikan kondisi lingkungan rumah, serta skrining aktif untuk memutus rantai penularan TB di masyarakat.
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health problem and is the second leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide, after COVID-19. Indonesia ranks second after India in TB incidence, with a continuous increase reported each year. Pasaman District in West Sumatra has one of the highest TB case burdens, particularly in the working area of Pegang Baru Health Center. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Pegang Baru Health Center area, Padang Gelugur Subdistrict, Pasaman District, in 2025. This was a quantitative study using a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of 368 individuals, and 86 respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews using structured questionnaires and field observations. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate (chi-square test), and odds ratio (OR) analyses to determine the strength of associations. The results showed that knowledge (p=0.012; OR=3.21), housing density (p=0.018; OR=2.95), smoking behavior (p=0.004; OR=4.12), and contact history (p=0.001; OR=5.46) were significantly related to pulmonary TB incidence. The most dominant factor influencing TB incidence was contact history with TB patients. The study concludes that low knowledge, high housing density, smoking habits, and close contact history significantly increase the risk of pulmonary TB. Health promotion, improved living environments, and active case finding are essential strategies to prevent and control TB transmission in the community.
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