Peran Melatonin dan Ekstrak Kacang Merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Tikus Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26714/uwc.v8.302-311.2025Keywords:
ekstrak kacang merah, melatonin, tikus diabetes, gula darah puasaAbstract
Latar Belakang: Hiperglikemia pada pasien diabetes melitus berakibat pada meningkatnya jumlah radikal bebas dalam tubuh, yang memiliki kemampuan untuk merusak sel pankreas. Kandungan antidiabetik dan antioksidan seperti melatonin dapat mengurangi dampak ini. Berbagai tumbuhan, seperti kacang merah, mengandung melatonin. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh ekstrak kacang merah terhadap kadar glukosa darah tikus diabetes dan menjelaskan peran melatonin alami di dalamnya terhadap efek antihiperglikemik. Metode: Pada literature review ini menggunakan metode tinjauan non-sistematis yang dilakukan melalui penelusuran artikel ilmiah dari database PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan google scholar dengan rentang tahun 2020-2025. Sebanyak 8 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil: Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kacang merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) memiliki aktivitas antihiperglikemik, antiinflamasi, dan protektif terhadap jaringan yang terdampak diabetes. Pemberian ekstrak menunjukkan kemampuan menurunkan kadar glukosa darah, memperbaiki fungsi ginjal, serta menekan ekspresi sitokin proinflamasi seperti IL-6. Melatonin yang terkandung dalam ekstrak berperan penting dalam melindungi sel β pankreas dari stres oksidatif, meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin, dan menurunkan peradangan. Beberapa studi juga menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi melatonin dan polifenol kacang merah dapat memperkuat efek antidiabetik melalui perbaikan resistensi insulin, regulasi metabolisme energi, dan modulasi mikrobiota usus. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak kacang merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) memiliki potensi besar untuk menurunkan kadar glukosa darah melalui aktivitas melatonin serta kandungan flavonoid dan polifenol yang juga berperan melalui mekanisme antioksidan, antiinflamasi, dan peningkatan sensitivitas insulin. Sinergi antara melatonin dan senyawa fitokimia lain berkontribusi dalam pengaturan glukosa darah.
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Abstract
Background: Hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus leads to an increased number of free radicals in the body, which can damage pancreatic cells. Antidiabetic and antioxidant compounds such as melatonin may reduce this impact. Various plants, including red beans, contain melatonin. This study analyzes the effect of red bean extract on blood glucose levels in diabetic rats and explains the role of natural melatonin in its antihyperglycemic effect. Methods: This literature review used a non-systematic review approach by searching scientific articles through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases within the period of 2020–2025. A total of 8 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: The findings reveal that red bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) exhibits antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and tissue-protective properties against diabetes-related damage. Administration of the extract effectively reduces blood glucose levels, improves kidney function, and suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6. The melatonin content plays a vital role in protecting pancreatic β-cells from oxidative stress, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and reducing inflammation. Moreover, several studies indicate that the combination of melatonin and red bean polyphenols enhances the antidiabetic effect by improving insulin resistance, regulating energy metabolism, and modulating gut microbiota. Conclusion: Red bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) shows strong potential to reduce blood glucose levels through the activity of melatonin, flavonoids, and polyphenols, which act via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insulin-sensitizing mechanisms. The synergy between melatonin and other phytochemical compounds contributes significantly to blood glucose regulation.
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